Further, the wording of many instruments is outdated and discriminatory. Assertiveness scale sas was developed to measure initiation of wanted sexual experience, refusal of unwanted sexual experience, and prevention of pregnancystds with a regular partner. The 30item rathus assertiveness schedule was modified for the seventhgrade population using the method of peer ratings. It involves standing up for yourself in a way that encourages conversation rather than defensiveness. This 3item scale examines assertiveness in middle school aged youth. To the same sample of subjects the rathus assertiveness schedule ras, which has proven to have acceptable testretest and splithalf reliability and to correlate satisfactorily with behavioral ratings of assertiveness rathus, 1973, was also administered. Emmons the following questions will be helpful in assessing your assertiveness. Assertiveness selfassessment questionnaire answer the following questionnaire by placing a cross that corresponds to you answer in the column below. Technical report overview what this questionnaire measures. Handout assertiveness scale self assessment last one. The data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. I find the ras raths assertiveness scale too close to aggression. This instrument includes 30 items, 16 reversed to avoid response bias, and employs a sixpoint likerttype response format. Assertiveness, nonassertiveness, and assertive techniques.
This resource shows how assertiveness can be considered on a scale with aggression and passivity. The srassf reduces response burden, while maintaining reliability and validity. Eric garner is an experienced management trainer with a knack for bringing the best out of individuals and teams. Importantly, there were no gender differences in adaptive assertiveness. The participants were adolescents n1006 aged 12 to 14 years, residing in izmir, turkey. The reliability and validity and an item analysis of the resultant in strument, the rathus assertiveness schedule ras, are. A 30item schedule for measuring assertiveness is presented. Feb 01, 20 abstract this study aimed to examine the relationship between assertiveness and selfesteem in adolescents, including both athletes and nonathletes. It should be noted that this is not necessarily an indication of. For instance, in the case of the rathus assertiveness schedule ras.
Some of the rass items were based on social situations included in different. The social selfefficacy expectation scale is compsed of total 40. The rathus assertiveness schedule modified for early. Functional assertiveness is defined as interpersonal communication that occurs when a speaker encounters interpersonal problems that should be resolved or has objectives that should be achieved, and the speakers message is perceived as appropriate. The adaptive assertiveness scale was associated with competence and peer reports of adaptive assertiveness. How john asserts himself and in which situations are important things to consider when you look at his assertiveness score. Measuring dimensions of objective effectiveness and pragmatic politeness takashi mitamura1, ritsumeikan university abstract. Links to the instrument can be found in the psychometric file. Pdf adaptive and aggressive assertiveness scales aaas. Standardization of the rathus assertiveness schedule, journal. This research was an attempt to determine the usefullness of the rathus assertiveness schedule with preadolescent and early adolescent students. International journal of research in arts and social sciences. The degree of assertiveness was assessed by using the rathus assertiveness schedule as the primary outcome, at four time points.
Measures rathus assertiveness inventory rai and peer pressure scale pps and a questionnaire form with 15 questions that addressed sociodemographic features, reasons to choose nursing profession and whether they were satisfied with their decision to be a nursing student were used. Majority of the adolescents were moderately assertive, 75% and 53. The scale was administered to elementary and middle school children n609 and readministered to students n164 to assess testretest reliability. The sas was designed to measure sexual assertiveness specifically in women, because previous theorists have established the. The rathus assertiveness schedule ras is a 30item selfreport instrument designed by rathus to measure assertiveness. Valid questionnaires and scales were used in the present. The adaptive and aggressive assertiveness scales aaa s is composed of 19 scenarios that depict everyday interpersonal situations in which one might assert oneself. The ras provides a score and a percentile for interpretation. This can be used in a variety of ways to support assertive behaviour and assertive communication as part of social skills. Assertiveness formative questionnaire technical report. For some questions the assertive end of the scale is at 0, for others at 4. Im looking for a good short scale to measure assertiveness. Indicate how characteristic or descriptive each of the following statements is of you by using the code given below. In the context of education, assertiveness may be defined as the ability to express ones beliefs, wants, or feelings in a selfassured and direct manner.
Previously it has been used with outpatients, institutionalized adults, or with college students. Assessing the level of assertiveness among college students. Item analysis shows that 27 of the 30 items correlate significantly with the total scale score and 19 of 30 correlate significantly with external criteria. Influence of emotional intelligence and assertiveness on prosocial behaviours abstract empirically explored in the study were emotional intelligence and assertiveness on pro social behaviour. The purpose of the present study was to develop a measure for functional assertiveness, the functional assertiveness scale fas. The rathus assertiveness schedule, developed by dr. The rathus assertiveness scale ras was designed to measure a persons level of assertiveness. Measures of assertiveness that existed at the time were considered outdated.
Let us observe four types of people and their different behaviors in those situations. Splithalf reliability scores are of moderate to high acceptability n108, 0. Assertiveness is the ability to express your opinions, feelings, ideas, and needs openly, in a way that is true to who you are and respectful of others. The rathus assertiveness schedule exploring your mind. The results showed that there is a significantly stronger.
Use this questionnaire by following these guidelines. Ars r2 assertiveness rating scale 2nd revision sample report report for. All you have to do is draw a circle around the number that describes you best. Mcfall and lillesand, 1971, the rathus assertiveness scale. Just when she is about to be attended to, a guy jumps the queue and requests her to let him put his query across. Developing a short form of the simple rathus assertiveness. The scheduleis shown to have moderate to high testrestest reliability r. One hundred and eighty six students 83 males and 103 females of the university of uyo, uyo in akwa ibom state, were used in the study. Rathus assertiveness schedule and college selfexpression. Rathus for the age group of 14 16 omer, 1997 and the turkish adaptation of which was made by voltan 1980. Assertiveness, non assertiveness, and assertive techniques introduction difficulty with being assertive has stereotypically been a challenge ascribed to women. However, research on violence and mens roles demonstrated that many physical altercations result from poor. The questionnaire was delivered as an online survey using survey monkey. Some of the rass items were based on social situations included in different questionnaires while some other items were suggested by.
The 19item simple rathus assertiveness scaleshort form srassf had acceptable reliability. Tick in one of the columns 1, 2, 3, or 4 according to your level of comfort given as follows. Knowing how to express your thoughts and needs and defending your rights can boost your relationship with others and improve your selfesteem. As a social skill, assertiveness is essential for your wellbeing. It should be noted that this is not necessarily an indication of a lack of reliability or validity within a. The method of peer rating itself attained a moderate to high splithalf reliability n108, 0. Therapists should consider that a global stimulating of clients to table 3 correlations between assertiveness schedule items, total assertiveness schedule scores, assertiveness factor items and the niceness item from the 17 item semantic differential rating scale r. Information on reliability and validity are provided below. Pdf is modified brief assertiveness training for nurses effective.
The rathus assertiveness schedule ras, one of the most widely used assessments, is a 30item instrument that uses a sixpoint likert scale to measure characteristics associated with aggressiveness and assertiveness rathus, 1973. For some questions, the assertive end of the scale is at 0, for others at 3. The rathus assertiveness scale raswas designed to measure a. Development and evaluation of a modified brief assertiveness. Four hundred and twelve participants, comprising 232 males and 180 females, with mean age of 23. Described an assertiveness scale for children developed to assess four dimensions of assertiveness across three categories of interpersonal situations. The development of an instrument to measure assertiveness of. Self assessment last one head last one head 42 42 the rathus assertiveness schedule how assertive.
It is also an instrument for measuring behavioural change in assertion training. The assertiveness construct, at that time, was the equivalent to the construct later known as social skills caballo 1997. The ras consists of 30 items including 16 inverted items with a 7point likert scale scored from. Rathus assertiveness schedule and rosenberg selfesteem scale were used to assess the assertiveness and selfesteem in adolescents. Eric founded managetrainlearn in 1995 as a corporate training company in the uk specialising in the 20 skills that people.
Diya has been waiting in the queue of a subway inquiry post for the last 30 minutes to get the details of a particular train. To me, the videotaped treatmentwas the important featureofmy research. This can be used in a variety of ways to support assertive behaviour and assertive communication as. One way to gain insight into how assertive you are is to take the following self report test of assertive behavior. Diminished assertiveness has been associated with neuroticism, depression, and anxiety. The scale,by comparison, was an afterthought, and i submiffed it for independent publication merely in hopes of building my vita.
The rathus assertiveness scale raswas designed to measure a persons level of assertiveness. However, research on violence and mens roles demonstrated that many physical altercations result from poor communication which then escalates into larger conflicts. The only score is your own evaluation of how you close you actually come to your own ideal level of assertiveness. Inventory, and the rathus assertiveness schedule have. The primary outcome measure was selfreported degree of assertiveness, as measured on the rathus assertiveness schedule ras, which is the most frequently used scale for measuring assertiveness and the effects of assertiveness training. If anyone has access toever used the official tis6 questions, or could point me in the right direction, i would be very grateful. We would like to show you a description here but the site wont allow us. Eric ej253487 the assertiveness scale for children. The list of acronyms and abbreviations related to ras rathus assertiveness schedule. Data from a crosssectional descriptive study of adults with sickle cell disease were used to construct a short form of the sras, guided by stepwise regression analysis. Seventyfive ss, who spanned the range of assertiveness, completed two selfreport measures of assertiveness, the rathus assertiveness scale ras and the college selfexpression scale cses.
When people with different thoughts and sensibilities are put in some situation, they exhibit behavior that vary from one to another. If information on a particular psychometric was not found, it is indicated as no information provided. A subjects total rathus assertiveness schedule score, his total college selfexpression scale score, and his score on items which purported to measure ability to respond appropriately in situations requiring positively assertive responses were poor predictors of ability to perform in realistic situations. Rathus, 1973, the college self expression scale galassi. An investigation of social selfefficacy expectations and. Functional assertiveness is a new concept of assertiveness that represents a method of appropriate self. Second, i put together the scale for use in my doctoral research on the efficacy of videotaped assertiveness. Scores on the assertiveness schedule can vary from 90 to 90. The purpose of this article is to describe development of a shorter version of the simple rathus assertiveness schedule sras. A 30item schedule for assessing assertive behavior. Considerations regarding the usage of a shorter version of the scale are discussed, as are the implications of the finding that assertiveness covaries negatively with impressions of. Pdf abstract the selfreporting of social skills continues to be assessed through the assertiveness inventories. The aggressive assertiveness scale was associated with various forms of aggression and peer reports of aggressive assertiveness.
Results obtained from 4 undergraduates found the beck depression inventory to be highly correlated with the statetrait anxiety inventoryform y, the rathus assertiveness schedule, and the psychosomatic symptom checklist, although the assertiveness measure demonstrated some discriminant validity according to a principalcomponents analysis. Data were collected using the rathus assertiveness scale and the coopersmith selfesteem scale. The purpose of this study was to develop more specific normative data for the rathus assertiveness schedcule ras. Handout assertiveness scale self assessment last one head. Assertiveness scale verbal behaviors slower pace of speech faster less quantity of speech more quieter volume of speech louder nonverbal behaviors relaxed use of hands directive lean back body posture lean forward less direct eye contact more responsiveness scale verbal behaviors more controlling monotone task facts data emotion subjects form of. Aug 12, 2017 the rathus assertiveness scale raswas designed to measure a persons level of assertiveness. Assertiveness is a marker of selfefficacy and a key component of. Although many assertiveness instruments have been developed for research and clinical purposes, one common shortcoming is a lack of discriminant validity with regard to aggression. View homework help handout assertiveness scale from sowk 5303 at east tennessee state university. You might want to use the results as a guide in planning your own personal growth program and.
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